L-Arginine

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Editors note:  If I had it to do over L-Arginine would have been one of the first products offered for sale on this web site.  It's potential for good is astounding. From growth Hormone secretion, erectile dysfunction to the repair and general well being of the entire cardio-vascular system it has proven to be an excellent tool in the never ending process of maintaining a high quality of life.  It is also a good superoxide scavenger. I have inserted some definitions of medical words in small print and some I have not.  All of the below information has been derived from The United States National Institute of Health data base and is annotated with references.

It should be pointed out that some female body builders take up to 10 grams of L-Arginine per day and some male body builders take up to 18 grams per day.  This could be excessive. Work with your health care professional to determine what is right for you.  

L-Arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid) is the precursor of nitric oxide, an endogenous (in the body) messenger molecule involved in a variety of endothelium-mediated physiological effects in the vascular system. Acute and chronic administration of L-arginine has been shown to improve endothelial function in animal models of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. L-Arginine also improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. The responsiveness to L-arginine depends on the specific cardiovascular disease studied, the vessel segment, and morphology of the artery. The pharmacokinetics of L-arginine have recently been investigated. Side effects are rare and mostly mild and dose dependent. The mechanism of action of L-arginine may involve nitric oxide synthase substrate provision, especially in patients with elevated levels of the endogenous (in the body) nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Endocrine effects and unspecific reactions may contribute to L-arginine-induced vasodilation after higher doses. Several long-term studies have been performed that show that chronic oral administration of L-arginine or intermittent infusion therapy with L-arginine can improve clinical symptoms of cardiovascular disease in man.₁

L-arginine, is a semi-essential amino acid, it can enhance the synthesis of nitric oxide  via the nitric oxide synthase pathway. Enhanced bioavailability of nitric oxide may prevent activation of pro-inflammatory endothelial genes by the inhibition of nuclear transcription factor NF 3B, thus preventing the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial surfaces. Animal studies have demonstrated that the chronic administration of L-arginine reduces the extent of atherosclerosis and prevents xanthoma development in LDL receptor knockout mice. Human studies have demonstrated improvement in endothelium vasodilator function both in coronary arteries and forearm flow responses. In addition oral L-arginine reverses an increased monocyte-endothelial adhesion in men with coronary artery disease and normalizes platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic humans. L-arginine may be a promising drug in the therapy of atherosclerosis (heart disease).₂

L-Arginine is also involved in numerous areas of human biochemistry, including ammonia detoxification, hormone secretion, and immune modulation. Arginine is also well known as a precursor to nitric oxide, a key component of endothelial-derived relaxing factor, an endogenous messenger molecule involved in a variety of endothelium-dependent physiological effects in the cardiovascular system. Because of arginine's nitric oxide-stimulating effects, it can be utilized in therapeutic regimens for angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, hypertension, coronary heart disease, preeclampsia, intermittent claudication, and erectile dysfunction. In addition, arginine has been studied in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, athletic performance, burns and trauma, cancer, diabetes and syndrome X, gastrointestinal diseases, male and female infertility, interstitial cystitis, immunomodulation, and senile dementia.₃

Nitric oxide stimulates angiogenesis (development of blood vessels), but inhibits endothelin-1 release, leukocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, superoxide generation, the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules and monocyte chemotactic peptides, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arginine exerts its vascular actions also through nitric oxide-independent effects, including membrane depolarization, syntheses of creatine, proline and polyamines, secretion of insulin, growth hormone, glucagon and prolactin, plasmin generation and fibrinogenolysis, superoxide scavenging and inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to nonendothelial matrix. Compelling evidence shows that enteral (oral administration) or parenteral (any other way but oral) administration of Arginine reverses endothelial dysfunction associated with major cardiovascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), smoking, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, obesity/insulin resistance and aging) and ameliorates (improves) many common cardiovascular disorders (coronary and peripheral arterial disease, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure). Dietary Arginine supplementation may represent a potentially novel nutritional strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease.₄

References:
1. PMID: 11264451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2.  Int J Cardiovasc Interventions
    PMID: 12623595 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
3. Altern Med Rev 2002 Dec;7(6):512-22
4. J Nutr 2000 Nov;130(11):2626-9

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Norman@thehormoneshop.com
This page was last updated on 12/16/07

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